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Abuse can mean different things to different people but the Department of Health recognises four different types:
1. Physical abuse
This may involve hitting, shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning or scalding, drowning, suffocating, or otherwise causing physical harm to a young person.
2. Neglect
This is when there is a persistent or severe lack of attention to a young person's basic needs. This includes a failure to carry out important aspects of care such as not receiving adequate food, clothing or warmth and exposure to dirty, cold environments or over warm environments. For some young people this may mean they are prevented from receiving appropriate medical advice or treatment.
3. Sexual abuse
This involves forcing or enticing a young person to take part in sexual activities, whether or not they aware of what's happening. For example young people have access to known offenders or they have been exposed to or witnessed intimate sexual acts, pornography or prostitution.
4. Emotional abuse
This includes persistent or severe emotional ill treatment, rejection or over protection of a young person. For example a young person who is subject to degrading or humiliating punishments; rejected by a parent or carer; receives no praise; is persistently criticised, blamed or scapegoated; is bullied at school or in the community or receives no intimate or personal care.
Fabricated illness
On a different note, although it's very rare, occasionally families of young people with more severe M.E. have been accused of fabricating the illness and become the subjects of child protection concerns. Today more investigation and evidence has to be provided before a child can be taken into care.
